Detection and Alarm System

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DETECTORS

As part of an efficient safety system, capable of controlling and even extinguishing the source of a fire, the smoke detector plays a key role in this process, given its function of triggering the other combat devices, which hinder the spread of fire and minimize the chances of accidents of large proportion, enabling rapid evacuation of the site.

TYPES OF DETECTION SYSTEMS

CONVENTIONAL DETECTION SYSTEM

Sistema composto por um ou mais circuitos de detecção.

Cada circuito de detecção é instalado em uma determinada zona ou área protegida.

Quando atuado um dispositivo de detecção, a central identifica somente a área protegida pelo circuito de detecção onde o dispositivo está instalado.

Este sistema não permite o ajuste do nível de alarme dos dispositivos de detecção via central de alarme.

 ADDRESSABLE DETECTION SYSTEM

Sistema composto por um ou mais circuitos de detecção.

Cada dispositivo de detecção recebe um endereço que permite à central identificá-lo individualmente.

Quando atuado um dispositivo de detecção, a central identifica a área protegida e o dispositivo em alarme.

Este sistema não permite o ajuste do nível de alarme dos dispositivos de detecção via central.

ANALOGUE DETECTION SYSTEM

Addressable detection system in which the control panel continuously monitors the values (temperature and smoke) of the detection devices, comparing them with those previously defined for that installation and allowing the adjustment of the alarm level of the detection devices via the control panel.

ALGORITHMIC DETECTION SYSTEM

Analogue detection system in which the detectors have one or more criteria for evaluating measurements of the environment as a function of time, whose signals are compared by a pre-programmed logic circuit to activate the alarm. The detectors continuously monitor the values of their sensing elements (for example, temperature, smoke), are capable of making decisions and communicating with the central station, informing their alarm, pre-alarm and/or fault status, among others.

VACUUM DETECTION SYSTEM

Detector designed to operate when combustion products, which occur in its operating area, are led through a network of pipes and air suction to its detection device.

TYPES OF DETECTORS 

POINT SMOKE DETECTOR

As part of the mechanisms for quick detection of outbreaks of fire, the optical smoke detector is a piece of equipment that works with the latest technology through an innovative system of verification and activation, quickly directing information and preventing the flames from spreading.

Used in both large-scale and localised environments, the optical smoke detector is already highly regarded and used in various fire-fighting systems, guaranteeing safety and control for the client.

These are fire detectors used to monitor basically all types of environments containing materials, whose characteristic at the onset of combustion is the generation of smoke.

The most commonly used point smoke detectors are of the optical (photoelectric) and ionic types.

Installed strategically in the areas to be protected, the smoke detector identifies the presence of both smoke and heat and, being interconnected with the fire central, issues the signal to activate the other fire fighting peripherals, such as alarms and sprinklers.

In that sense, the smoke detector can be part of it:

• of a conventional system, whose smoke detector carries out the signalling by area or sector;
• of an analogue addressable system, generally used in large areas, in which the smoke detector emits signals from the exact location of the fire and the level of sensitivity can be configured;
• of an addressable system, in which the smoke detector is programmed with an address according to the installation area of the premises to be protected;
• of a gas fire detection system, either conventional, analogue or addressable, whose operation only occurs when two or more detectors in the same area are triggered to discharge gas.

As it is safety equipment, the smoke detector must be developed in accordance with the guidelines of the sector's main regulatory standards, which attest to its effective performance.

PERFORMANCE METHODS AND GUARANTEES FOR THE OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTOR

Diferentemente de sensores por temperatura, o detector óptico de fumaça estabelece verificação através de fumaça visível.

Isso é possível por seu trabalho com leds e sistemas de dispersão de luz instalados em seu interior, que, ao emitir raios infravermelhos, detecta a fumaça assim que ela adentrar ao equipamento e aciona um mecanismo receptor que, ao ser induzido a parar essa transmissão óptica, ativa alarmes e direciona o aviso para a central de controle.

With this operation, the optical smoke detector is recommended for places with greater movement of people or that present greater risks, however, its use is already consolidated in various environments and can act in conjunction with other detection systems.

Furthermore, the optical smoke detector can be used in both traditional detection systems and addressable media, accurately pinpointing the focus of the incident.

ADVANTAGES OFFERED BY THE OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTOR

The optical smoke detector operates in this way, allowing for quicker detection, which in turn leads to shorter reaction times and greater chances of eliminating the flames.

The optical smoke detector is also considered a quality piece of equipment with great precision, eliminating the need for recurring maintenance and ensuring convenience for controllers.

CONVENTIONAL SMOKE DETECTOR

O detector de fumaça convencional é um dispositivo de segurança contra incêndio, sendo acionada quando detecta fumaça e calor por entre seus sensores.

Tem alta tecnologia eletrônica, conforme as normas técnicas exigem, e por isso é muito eficiente, confiável e traz facilidades ao proprietário ao associar novos dispositivos ou sensores e agiliza serviços de manutenções devido a alta tecnologia de seu sistema.

A instalação do detector de fumaça convencional é fácil e simples de se realizar, pois este dispositivo não possui restrições à inversão de polaridade.

Sua instalação deve ser feita levando em consideração o espaço para a viabilidade dos serviços de manutenção, permitindo livre acesso para a operação de conserto.

CONVENTIONAL SMOKE DETECTOR - ADVANTAGES

No detector de fumaça convencional são postas câmeras de tecnologia óptica que funcionam como um sensor óptico capaz de identificar partículas de fumaça vindas de uma ampla e variada gama de fontes de combustão.

Assim, mesmo os incêndios de pequenas proporções podem ser logo de início, detectados evitando dessa maneira que haja propagação das chamas.

The main advantage is the safety and efficiency, since a conventional smoke detector is subjected to a series of tests such as UV test, acrylic pressure test, climatic chamber and stand-by current test before it is sold.

Utilizando um bom detector de fumaça convencional o cliente pode evitar perdas econômicas na queima de seu patrimônio assim como pode salvar as vidas das pessoas que transitam por sua edificação.

Por isso é indispensável o detector de fumaça convencional para sistemas eficientes de combate ao incêndio.

THERMAL DETECTOR

They are used to monitor environments with the presence of materials, whose characteristic at the beginning of combustion is to generate a lot of heat and little smoke. They are also suitable for environments with steam, gases or many suspended particles, where smoke detectors are subject to undesired alarms.

TYPES OF POINT TEMPERATURE DETECTORS

FIXED TEMPERATURE:

Installed in environments where, when a certain temperature is reached in the sensor, a fire outbreak is surely indicated;

THERMOVELOCIMETRIC:

Installed in environments where the rapid rise in temperature of the sensor is a sure sign of a fire outbreak.

FLAME DETECTORS:

São instalados em ambientes onde se deseja detectar o surgimento de uma chama.

Sua instalação deve ser executada de forma que seu campo de visão não seja impedido por obstáculos, para assegurar a detecção do foco de incêndio na área por ele protegida.

Os detectores de chama devem cobrir a área protegida de forma que não haja pontos encobertos onde uma possível chama possa ser gerada.

RECOMMENDED IN THE FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS:

1. a) areas where a flame can occur quickly, such as hangars, petrochemical production areas, storage and transfer areas for flammable materials, combustible gas installations, paint booths or areas with flammable solvents;
2. b) open or semi-open areas where winds can dissipate smoke and heat, preventing the action of smoke and temperature detectors.

LINEAR TEMPERATURE DETECTORS

Detector utilizado para aplicações localizadas, devendo ser instalado próximo ou em contato direto com o material a ser protegido.

O detector linear de temperatura é normalmente utilizado em bandejas de cabos, esteiras rolantes e similares.

Para definir comprimento máximo, flexibilidade, resistência mecânica, raio-limite da área de cobertura e características físicas do cabo, deve-se consultar o fabricante.

AIR SAMPLING SMOKE DETECTOR

An air sampling smoke detector consists of a detector device and a network of pipes for air sampling.

O detector por amostragem de ar opera de forma ativa, aspirando o ar do ambiente, através de uma tubulação calculada, e fazendo-o passar pela câmara do dispositivo detector.

É considerado um detector de alta sensibilidade.

Due to its architecture and sensitivity, this detector is recommended for special environments with the following characteristics:

• locations with high electromagnetic or radio frequency interference, provided that the detector device is installed away from the interference location;
• places where there is equipment or processes sensitive to smoke contamination;
• locations where early stage fire warning is desired.

This type of detector becomes even more efficient when monitored by trained personnel in order to carry out an immediate site check and take action appropriate to the stage in question, as follows:

1. 1. (a) air sampling detectors shall give a failure signal if the airflow is outside the range defined in the manufacturer's documented specification. The sampling points and the air filter, if used, shall be kept clean in accordance with the manufacturer's documented instructions;
   2. b) the air sampling detector shall be able to distinguish between dust and smoke particles by means of an air filter or electronic particle size discriminating circuit;
   3. c) the air sampling detector must have means of monitoring the ambient air, the information from which is important for programming alert levels and alarms;
   4. d) With regard to the power supply, air sampling detectors must be powered on a 24 Vdc basis from the central unit's power supply or from an auxiliary supply.